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14th July 2011
Hermetic Alchemy has experienced
something of a rough ride in terms of the history of the past one
hundred years. Entering the Atomic Age, an epoch of startling
discoveries in the physical sciences, demonstrated the possibility of
the transmutation of elements; albeit in a volatile radioactive form.
Since then, it seems the materialist school of Alchemy has provided the
general focus of attention to the Western audience.
Any truly
philosophical interest seems to have become entangled in the embryonic
pseudo-jargon of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century psychologists such
as Freud, Jung, Adler, Reich and Leary.
However, what we
might somewhat amusingly refer to as the ‘Heavy Metal’ school of Alchemy
and its more speculative philosophical counterpoint are far from being
the only examples of Alchemy practiced today. Amongst the more
interesting derivations from the image of practical Alchemy conjured up
by the mundane imagination number approaches embracing sexual Tantra,
the cultivation of narcotics, disciplines of Yogic abstinence and other
quite diverse preoccupations.
As bizarre as many of these
devotions may seem, a common thread runs through each of them. That is
the realisation that, no matter the approach, the end towards which
these quite diverse means are seen to be directed is one closely bound
up with the issue of the expansion of Human Consciousness.
Even the materialism of the Heavy Metal school of Alchemy enshrines an
innate belief in the essential transformation of the Alchemist as a
pre-requisite to the transformation of metals. Other approaches, such
as the Sexual Alchemy of Aleister Crowley’s Thelemic Tantra, as
expounded by Kenneth Grant - a personal friend and disciple of the self
styled Great Beast - are more directly concerned with the issue of
consciousness change. Here, brazenly orgiastic rites of sexual ecstasy
and the intoxication of wine and strange drugs induce hormonal
stimulation of states of altered consciousness.
Timothy
Leary’s LSD inspired visionary initiatives of the 1960s provided a
slightly less cult like expansion of Crowley’s Tantric Alchemy, although
these devotions paid to the new gods of Sex and Drugs were more
culturally sensitive; bringing a rising awareness of the place of
sensuality within the urge towards spirituality.
Although Leary
quickly fell from grace and academic respectability, the work of other
researchers into the chemical nature of consciousness such as Dr John
Lilly, famous for his researches into neural meta-programming employing
psychotropic agents within sensory deprivation tanks, proved more
lasting in the domain of orthodox research.
Eastern schools of
Alchemy similarly focus upon the hormonal processes as being the tools
of transformation within the physical laboratory of the human body.
Whereas some of these alchemic methods involve the stimulation of
altered states of awareness through strict self denial, others utilise
explicit sexual stimulation and taboo breaking practices of sexual
congress designed to exhaust the everyday consciousness and thus allow
the free flow of supra-mundane energies to rise through the Chakras.
These latter mentioned rites of orgiastic yoga are clearly depicted
within the temple sculptures of the temples of southern India.
At first glance, all of these widely differing practices might seem so
far removed from accepted traditional notions of the alchemical art that
any attempt to link them appears fanciful. However, from the mid
Nineteenth Century until just prior to the Second World War, embryonic
aspects of every one of these alternatives to the heavy-metal school of
Alchemy were the subject of intense investigation amongst the occult
underground of Parisian salon society.
Indeed, it is most
revealing that the patrons of three Parisian Bookstores - L’Art
Independant, the Vega bookstore and The Bookstore of the Marvellous -
and the esoteric societies using these well-springs of philosophical
literary treasure seem to have provided the catalyst for the explosion
of interest in Alchemy from the dawn of the Twentieth Century to the
present day.
The importance of the influence of the
Continental School in the development of western hermetic lore has been
much overlooked by the English speaking audience. Yet it is from the
crucible of esoteric culture emanating from the above mentioned three
esoteric bookshops that a melting pot of experimentation with alchemic
metallurgy, sexual tantra and even psychedelic drug use has emerged to
inform the occult tradition.
On June 5th 1926 an Alchemic work
entitled ‘The Mystery of the Cathedrals’ was published by Jean Schemit,
Paris, under the authorship of the pseudonymous Fulcanelli.
This was a collaborative work purporting to reveal an alchemic
interpretation of symbolic codes enshrined in Gothic Cathedral
architectural design. The core of the work was based upon detailed notes
entrusted to the book’s illustrator Jean Julien Champagne by Rene
Schwaller, whose more detailed later investigations of the architecture
of early Egyptian monolithic design brought him fame.
Unbeknown to Schwaller, who was amazed and taken by surprise by the appearance of
The Mystery of the Cathedrals,
Champagne had incorporated material pertaining to the ‘Language of the
Birds’ (the jargon of the Hermetic Adepts) from the pen of Pierre
Dujols; the proprietor of the Bookstore of the Marvellous.
Dujols was well connected in Freemasonic and pseudo-Rosicrucian
circles and was the associate and confidant of incredibly wealthy and
influential patrons of Parisian esoteric society.
The
children of Ferdinand de Lesseps who had supervised the building of the
Suez canal, occult illustrator of the Tarot Oswald Wirth, Freemasonic
mastermind and, later, convert to Sufi Islam Rene Guenon and the Occult
Master known as Papus: all numbered amongst the close circle surrounding
him.
Dujols was a scholar of Greek literature and a fanatic
proponent of the notion that ancient Greek and not Latin provided the
linguistic origins of the French language.
These Greek roots provided Dujols with an etymology of Alchemic jargon which he termed Hermetic
Cabala. This system provided an interpretive language of puns and Cant which became known alternately as the
Green Language or the
Language of the Birds.
This unorthodox approach to Alchemic linguistics proved popular as a
focus of debate amongst the esoteric intelligentsia frequenting the
classes held weekly at the Bookstore of the Marvellous. Dujols became a
close associate of Jean Julien Champagne and later became an active
member of his mystic society known as the Brotherhood of Heliopolis.
It was Dujols’ death in April 1926 that cleared the way for
Champagne to incorporate the notes assembled by his friend into the body
of
The Mystery of the Cathedrals. This was something
of a final straw for Dujols’ widow Yvonne, who had been previously quite
friendly and sympathetic to the alchemic illustrator. She withdrew
from all contact with Champagne and his circle at this point and passed
his personal alchemic research journals to Champagne’s pupil Eugene
Canseliet.
An example of the Green Language system, so characteristic of Pierre Dujols, contained in the text of
The Mystery of the Cathedrals,intuited in Fulcanelli’s treatment of the alchemic term
Sel- more ordinarily translated as ‘Salt’ in English. Here we find the terma homophone of
Scel translates as
Seal.
Pierre Dujols’ health had deteriorated some thirty years prior to
his death and he had become sporadically bed ridden, sometimes
previously for years on end.
During these periods he came
to rely upon Champagne as the courier of charitable gifts of money from
admirers. Champagne, a talented and classically trained Artist, was
also an alcoholic who sometimes spent the money en route.
The bed-ridden scholar would however devote endless hours in the company
of Champagne to discussing the finer points of the alchemic method. In
1914 he had assembled and published the
Mutus Liber, regarded
as a classic of Alchemic erudition. Dujols shared a passion for the
medieval period with Champagne and also an abiding fascination with the
Alchemic lore surrounding Basil Valentine and France’s most legendary
Alchemist Nicholas Flamel.
Champagne had gained quite a
reputation amongst the Hermetic intelligentsia of the day. His
extraordinary talent for visionary draftsmanship combined with his
evident artistic talents led to his gaining lucrative design contracts
for the de Lesseps family. He was placed in charge of the revolutionary
high-tech design of a turbo powered propeller system intended for a
polar sled. He also undertook the developmental design of a future
model farm built with the de Lesseps’ money.
Champagne’s
renowned skill in the material science of Metallurgic Alchemy lay behind
his initial introduction to the de Lesseps who also frequented the
esoteric gatherings organised by Dujols’ at the Bookstore of the
Marvellous.
The canal builder’s sons offered Champagne the
regular use of a chemical laboratory and in 1911 even hosted Champagne
in the de Lesseps mansion as a house guest whilst he continued his
experimental alchemic spagyrics and work upon the polar sled, on a
stipend of 500 Francs per month. On this income, Champagne lived the
high life of Salon society amidst the sunset years of La Belle Époque.
In 1913, whilst wining and dining at Closerie Delilas cafe
in Montparnasse, Champagne by chance met with Rene Schwaller, a young
man nine years his junior and a fellow artist of sober disposition.
The two were as different as chalk and cheese and although relations
between them were friendly, they were never friends. Schwaller had
been a pupil of the Artist Matisse and it is likely that a certain
rivalry stood between the Bohemian Champagne and the quietly erudite
Schwaller.
Champagne had taken on professional
responsibilities as a book-valuer and archivist for the Chacornac
brothers’ bookstore, having been recommended for this post by his friend
Dujols. It was whilst performing these duties that he came upon a six
page document inserted into a rare and collectable volume dealing with
Alchemy, written by Isaac Newton.
This partially coded
manuscript alleged to be the journal of an Alchemist who had
successfully discovered the methods of producing the red and blue
stained glass of the Rose window of Chatres Cathedral; a mysterious
process which had resisted the study of the the great minds of the ages.
The wily alchemist had clandestinely appropriated the manuscript and
spent fruitless years in experimental frustration attempting to uncover
its secrets.
At the time of their fateful meeting, Schwaller’s reputation was waxing: his first book
A Study of Numbers was in pre-production by the Press associated with L’Art Independent Bookshop.
René Schwaller’s studies had led him to a deep study of the
symbolism of the Gothic Cathedrals; especially Notre Dame, which he
visited regularly. His work
A Study of Numbers the geometric harmony of the medieval masterpieces in stone.
Champagne, knowing of Schwaller’s reputed brilliance in chemistry,
and no doubt aware of his fortune and business success, arranged to show
the younger man sample pages from the manuscript.
Schwaller
had gained financial independence from rewards gained through his
shrewd handling of the financial affairs of Louis Allainguillaume, a
wealthy coal merchant. Generous dividends were granted to Schwaller
allowing him to provide the opportunistic Champagne with a stipend
similar to that obtained from the de Lesseps and which would continue
to be paid for the next seventeen years.
The partnership
would, at the agreement of both parties, remain completely secret.
Schwaller took possession of the manuscript and agreed to decode its
secrets. Champagne agreed to perform the laboratory work using medieval
alchemic methods.
The outbreak of World War in 1914 saw René
Schwaller mobilised into research science on behalf of the military.
His scientific background led to a wartime career engaged in nutritional
research, whilst he maintained a correspondence with Champagne in which
he revealed piecemeal the secrets of the processes discussed in the
manuscript. Champagne laboured in the de Lesseps laboratory, testing
Schwaller’s theories.
René Schwaller continued to be active
in Parisian occult circles, frequenting meetings of the Theosophical
Society between 1913 and 1916. It was whilst attending these meetings
that he closely befriended the Lithuanian nobleman and poet Oscar
Vladislas de Lubicz Milosz (1877 - 1939).
Both men were
deeply fascinated by the symbolism of heraldry referred to each other as
‘Brothers in Arms’. The French Chemist introduced Milosz to the
metaphorical treasures of Alchemy and, in turn, Milosz bestowed a
knighthood and the right to bear his family’s Coat of Arms on the
re-christened René Schwaller de Lubicz.
Whilst spending his
leisure hours intensely studying the mathematical, geometric and
sculptural mysteries of Notre Dame, Schwaller focused his incredible
mind upon the task of bringing together some of the esoteric elite of
the Parisian underground.
Jean Germaine would eventually marry
Schwaller, some ten years later upon the death of her husband. She
became known as a mediumistic spiritual seer and visionary who published
many books upon the spiritual lore of ancient Egypt under the mystical
name of
Isha.
Schwaller had hijacked the cream of the Theosophical Society’s elite, even enticing the editor of
Le Theosophe to change the name of this journal to
Le Veilleur. The name was taken from the title of an unpublished novel
Les Veilleurs de la Nuit (The Watchers of the Night) by Nicolas Beaudoin.
Les Veilleurs met at a house once owned by Balzac and articles
published by the order were signed in the name ‘Aor’, Schwaller’s
initiatory name which translates as Light. He was able to focus upon
his spiritual interests thanks to the benevolence of his employer
Allainguillaume and still amass considerable savings whilst paying a
stipend to Champagne who had maintained a detailed and regular
correspondence on the subject of their secret collaboration throughout
the war years.
Champagne was a regular guest at the meetings
held by Les Veilleurs and also at a number of other gatherings hosted
by rival Hermetic bodies. After 1915, he was almost continually
accompanied by the then sixteen year old scholar of Greek literature
Eugene Canseliet who had attached himself to the master as an
apprentice.
Canseliet would prove to be central to the
Fulcanelli affair, and a major catalyst to the historical mystification
of the identity of Fulcanelli throughout the twentieth century.
He was introduced to the opulent high society who met at the home of
the de Lesseps, and to the circle who attended Pierre Dujols to study
the Green Language of Cabala. A keen student of Alchemic symbolism and
something of a genius in the disciplines of artistic calligraphy, Eugene
Canseliet gained great respect amongst his peer
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